The ability to raise pullets
of good standard and quality is properly the most important aspect of poultry
management to ensure a successful commercial poultry farming.
May poultry are no more working i.e they are no more in the production process as they fail to raised pullets of good standard and quality.
Some are more or less productive as they failed in the aspect of raising pullets of good grade, nothing will ever make up for poor results in brooding and rearing.
While all phases of commercial poultry farming require close attention to detail, this is particularly true of brooding and pullet rising if one hopes to be continuously successful.
The basis of good egg production is a successful rearing phase, at the end of which the hen should have reached her standard body weight, with a well-developed frame and corresponding appetite or feed intake capacity.
In rising of pullets that will make you meet up with demand, I mean the purpose of the farming, the following point most put to action.
May poultry are no more working i.e they are no more in the production process as they fail to raised pullets of good standard and quality.
Some are more or less productive as they failed in the aspect of raising pullets of good grade, nothing will ever make up for poor results in brooding and rearing.
While all phases of commercial poultry farming require close attention to detail, this is particularly true of brooding and pullet rising if one hopes to be continuously successful.
The basis of good egg production is a successful rearing phase, at the end of which the hen should have reached her standard body weight, with a well-developed frame and corresponding appetite or feed intake capacity.
In rising of pullets that will make you meet up with demand, I mean the purpose of the farming, the following point most put to action.
1.
Preparation of the house
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The brooder house should be
cleaned and disinfected well in advance of chick delivery. A minimum of 3 weeks
down-time between flocks should be scheduled for house preparation.
Before cleaning and disinfection, all manure and feed should be removed and rodent control program should be carried out.
Every other material to be used should be clean and disinfectant as well. Additionally, fumigating the house within 5 days of chick delivery will help ensure sanitary conditions.
The effectiveness of the cleaning, disinfection and fumigation should be checked by environmental testing of the house surfaces for coliform and Salmonella bacteria. If the birds are placed in naturally ventilated houses, it is better to start with 10% fewer chicks for a given space than during normal temperature conditions.
This will give the chicks more floor space and better ventilation between the chicks as well as more water and feed space. Increased density of hens in cage or on floor increases effects of heat stress, i.e. reduced egg production due to reduced feed intake, increased feed requirement due to heat stress and increased mortality.
Increasing space from 310 to 378 cm² per bird resulted in 16.6 more eggs per bird for the cost of 1.9 g feed/hen/day. Increasing space from 387 to 516 cm² resulted in 7.8 more eggs/hen housed, 4.3 g per hen/day higher feed consumption and 2.8% lower mortality.
It is absolutely essential that the chicks reach their normal body temperature of 40-41°C as fast as possible after housing. Ideally, this should be checked with an ear thermometer a couple of hours after placement.
If the body temperature is below 40°C, the house temperature has to be increased by all means. Make sure that the air humidity does not drop below 70% as a result of heating. The effect of ambient temperature on feed intake of laying hens.
Before cleaning and disinfection, all manure and feed should be removed and rodent control program should be carried out.
Every other material to be used should be clean and disinfectant as well. Additionally, fumigating the house within 5 days of chick delivery will help ensure sanitary conditions.
The effectiveness of the cleaning, disinfection and fumigation should be checked by environmental testing of the house surfaces for coliform and Salmonella bacteria. If the birds are placed in naturally ventilated houses, it is better to start with 10% fewer chicks for a given space than during normal temperature conditions.
This will give the chicks more floor space and better ventilation between the chicks as well as more water and feed space. Increased density of hens in cage or on floor increases effects of heat stress, i.e. reduced egg production due to reduced feed intake, increased feed requirement due to heat stress and increased mortality.
Increasing space from 310 to 378 cm² per bird resulted in 16.6 more eggs per bird for the cost of 1.9 g feed/hen/day. Increasing space from 387 to 516 cm² resulted in 7.8 more eggs/hen housed, 4.3 g per hen/day higher feed consumption and 2.8% lower mortality.
It is absolutely essential that the chicks reach their normal body temperature of 40-41°C as fast as possible after housing. Ideally, this should be checked with an ear thermometer a couple of hours after placement.
If the body temperature is below 40°C, the house temperature has to be increased by all means. Make sure that the air humidity does not drop below 70% as a result of heating. The effect of ambient temperature on feed intake of laying hens.
2. Feeding
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| jasperfarm |
Another thing we need to consider aside the housing system and the
requirement is the feeding.
Proper feeding management ensured the highest performance of the pullets even to the laying time. If the birds are properly fed, they will gain more weight, they also develop as a result, they show up better result.
Between 6 weeks and 12 weeks is the period of rapid growth is which the pullet attains most of the adult structural components (muscles, bones and feathers). Poor growth during this period will prevent the pullet from attaining sufficient bone and muscle reserves needed to sustain a high level of egg production and maintain good shell quality.
The skeleton is 95% developed by the end of the 13th week of life. At this time the growth plates of the long bones calcify and no further increases in bone size can occur.
Any compensatory growth occurring after this period will not increase the size of the skeleton. The amount of mineral reserve available for egg shell formation is directly related to the hen’s skeleton size.
Reactive vaccinations, beak trimming, bird handling and other stressful management practices can delay development during this period of rapid growth.
Proper feeding management ensured the highest performance of the pullets even to the laying time. If the birds are properly fed, they will gain more weight, they also develop as a result, they show up better result.
Between 6 weeks and 12 weeks is the period of rapid growth is which the pullet attains most of the adult structural components (muscles, bones and feathers). Poor growth during this period will prevent the pullet from attaining sufficient bone and muscle reserves needed to sustain a high level of egg production and maintain good shell quality.
The skeleton is 95% developed by the end of the 13th week of life. At this time the growth plates of the long bones calcify and no further increases in bone size can occur.
Any compensatory growth occurring after this period will not increase the size of the skeleton. The amount of mineral reserve available for egg shell formation is directly related to the hen’s skeleton size.
Reactive vaccinations, beak trimming, bird handling and other stressful management practices can delay development during this period of rapid growth.
3.
Water
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| Jaspafarm |
In the absent of water, the
pullet cannot thrive well, they need clean water as this enhance their growth
as well.
Environmental temperature is the most important factor determining water intake, leghorn pullets drink at least twice as much per day at 38°C compared to 21°C house temperature, whilst water temperatures below 21°C do not influence the water intake.
Most authors agree that the optimum water temperature is about 23°C. A common challenge in hot climate areas is to provide sufficient drinking water at optimal temperature for all birds at all times.
Water intake is the key to good feed intake, especially in hot climates. The water systems should be the same in the rearing and production house to assure that the pullets find water immediately after transfer.
If a loss in appetite and feed consumption, perhaps also increased mortality, is observed after transfer, a common reason is that some birds take too long to find water and therefore stop eating.
Especially in this stressful transition period the birds need to maintain their appetite in order to cope with the challenge of sexual maturity and first egg production, while continuing to gain body weight.
The maximum daily water consumption is at 6-7 weeks of production which is also peak production.
Environmental temperature is the most important factor determining water intake, leghorn pullets drink at least twice as much per day at 38°C compared to 21°C house temperature, whilst water temperatures below 21°C do not influence the water intake.
Most authors agree that the optimum water temperature is about 23°C. A common challenge in hot climate areas is to provide sufficient drinking water at optimal temperature for all birds at all times.
Water intake is the key to good feed intake, especially in hot climates. The water systems should be the same in the rearing and production house to assure that the pullets find water immediately after transfer.
If a loss in appetite and feed consumption, perhaps also increased mortality, is observed after transfer, a common reason is that some birds take too long to find water and therefore stop eating.
Especially in this stressful transition period the birds need to maintain their appetite in order to cope with the challenge of sexual maturity and first egg production, while continuing to gain body weight.
The maximum daily water consumption is at 6-7 weeks of production which is also peak production.
Conclusion
Raising pullets to a standard of producing good eggs is a challenging in
hot environment, excellent performance can be achieved without investing in
expensive environment control, if good management is carried out throughout the
life of the flock, based on the results of poultry research and experience in
practice.
Layers in hot climates need more space in rearing and in production. Feeding coarse calcium separately to a low calcium feed will increase the feed intake and also will reduce the risk of early mortality due to cage layer fatigue.
Cool water will allow the hens to reduce their body temperature and maintain their appetite. Adding oil and fat to the feed will make it more palatable and therefore easier to consume as well as provide the correct amount of energy even with reduced feed intake.
Hens like humid feed, wetting the feed will help to increase feed intake in hot climates. Birds can get adjusted to hot climates and can be trained via intermittent hot periods in the rearing to withstand heat stress better during rearing.
I am very sure, if these are strictly followed, you will get the best result, because these are the steps I followed achieved a great result.
Drop your comment about this article, while this will help us to develop another means.,
Layers in hot climates need more space in rearing and in production. Feeding coarse calcium separately to a low calcium feed will increase the feed intake and also will reduce the risk of early mortality due to cage layer fatigue.
Cool water will allow the hens to reduce their body temperature and maintain their appetite. Adding oil and fat to the feed will make it more palatable and therefore easier to consume as well as provide the correct amount of energy even with reduced feed intake.
Hens like humid feed, wetting the feed will help to increase feed intake in hot climates. Birds can get adjusted to hot climates and can be trained via intermittent hot periods in the rearing to withstand heat stress better during rearing.
I am very sure, if these are strictly followed, you will get the best result, because these are the steps I followed achieved a great result.
Drop your comment about this article, while this will help us to develop another means.,
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